Recent observations in oil- and gas-producing basins in the western United States have identified ozone mixing ratios well in excess of present air quality standards, but only during winter. Air quality impacts are associated with emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose photochemistry leads to production of ozone, a secondary pollutant with negative health effects. The environmental impacts of this development, from its effect on water quality to the influence of increased methane leakage on climate, have been a matter of intense debate. The United States is now experiencing the most rapid expansion in oil and gas production in four decades, owing in large part to implementation of new extraction technologies such as horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing. 9 1] NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK (P.M.E.) Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria (M.G.) Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada (C.J.Y.).8 Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.7 Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.6 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.5 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.4 Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Larmie, Wyoming 82070, USA.3 1] NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. 2 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |